Flat roofing systems are a popular choice for both residential and commercial buildings due to their practicality and cost-effectiveness. Unlike traditional pitched roofs, flat roofs offer a sleek, modern appearance and maximize the available space for other uses, such as rooftop gardens, outdoor terraces, or even solar panel installations. These roofs typically feature a slight slope, often ranging from 1-10 degrees, to facilitate water drainage. The primary materials used in flat roofing include built-up roofing (BUR), modified bitumen, EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer), TPO (thermoplastic olefin), and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). Each material offers distinct advantages, such as durability, weather resistance, and ease of installation, making flat roofs highly versatile and adaptable to different climate conditions and architectural styles. The main challenges with flat roofs, however, lie in ensuring proper drainage and addressing potential water pooling, which can lead to leaks and structural damage if not managed correctly. Regular maintenance is crucial for preserving the roof’s integrity, which includes checking for cracks, ensuring proper drainage, and repairing any damage promptly. Despite these challenges, flat roofing systems remain a cost-effective and functional option for many types of buildings, offering long-lasting performance when properly maintained. Furthermore, modern innovations in waterproofing and reflective coatings have significantly improved the lifespan and energy efficiency of flat roofing systems, making them even more attractive for building owners seeking sustainability and long-term savings.